The Calvin cycle is a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow The Calvin cycle has four main steps: carbon fixation, reduction phase, carbohydrate formation, and regeneration phase
What occurs during the Calvin cycle reactions?
The Calvin cycle is part of photosynthesis, which occurs in two stages In the first stage, chemical reactions use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH In the second stage (Calvin cycle or dark reactions), carbon dioxide and water are converted into organic molecules, such as glucose
What happens in the Calvin cycle quizlet?
In the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic compounds, a process called carbon fixation In the light reactions, energy is absorbed from sunlight and converted into a chemical energy; in the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide and chemical energy are used to form organic compounds
Does the Calvin cycle produce ATP?
ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar The Calvin cycle actually produces a three-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to change carbon dioxide into usable energy known as glucose
What do light reactions produce?
Light reactions harness energy from the sun to produce chemical bonds, ATP, and NADPH These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma where carbon fixation takes place
What happens during the Calvin cycle simple?
The Calvin cycle is a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow The Calvin cycle has four main steps: carbon fixation, reduction phase, carbohydrate formation, and regeneration phase
Where does the light reaction occur?
The light reaction takes place in the thylakoid discs There, water (H20) is oxidized, and oxygen (O2) is released The electrons freed up from water are transfered to ATP and NADPH The dark reaction occurs outside of the thylakoids
What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle quizlet?
The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to produce organic sugar molecules as a source of energy for aerobic cellular respiration
Does the Calvin cycle release oxygen?
The Calvin Cycle converts three water and three carbon dioxide molecules into one molecule of glyceraldehyde The six left over oxygen atoms are released into the atmosphere where they are available for use in respiration
What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle?
What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle? NADPH is an electron carrier that picks up electrons in the light reactions and releases them in the Calvin cycle The Calvin cycle is a complex series of chemical reactions carried out in the stroma
Why does it take three turns of the Calvin cycle to produce G3P?
Why does it take three turns of the Calvin cycle to produce G3P, the initial product of photosynthesis? Because G3P has three carbon atoms, and each turn of the cycle takes in one carbon atom in the form of carbon dioxide
Where do Calvin cycle reactions occur?
Unlike the light reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma (the inner space of chloroplasts)
What is the primary output of the Calvin cycle?
Outputs of the Calvin cycle are ADP, P, and NADP+, which go into the light reactions, and sugar, which is used by the plant 2
What is the basic role of CO2 in photosynthesis?
What is the basic role of CO2 in photosynthesis? CO2 is a source of electrons in the formation of organic molecules CO2 is taken in by plants as a form of inverse respiration, in which carbon dioxide is “breathed in” and oxygen is “breathed out”
What is one of the main functions of light reactions?
The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis Light is absorbed and the energy is used to drive electrons from water to generate NADPH and to drive protons across a membrane These protons return through ATP synthase to make ATP
What are the inputs in the Calvin cycle?
2 The inputs into the Calvin cycle are NADPH, ATP, and CO2 3 The products of the Calvin cycle are NADP+, ADP, and a sugar
What two products of the light reactions are used up in the Calvin cycle?
What two products of the light reactions are used up in the calvin cycle? NADPH, which is an electron carrier and can be reused, and ATP, or ADP, which is an energy molecule that can be rebuilt in another light reaction
What is released during cellular respiration?
During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water Energy released during the reaction is captured by the energy-carrying molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Is the Calvin cycle light dependent?
The Calvin cycle refers to the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis that take place in three key steps Although the Calvin Cycle is not directly dependent on light, it is indirectly dependent on light since the necessary energy carriers ( ATP and NADPH) are products of light-dependent reactions
Where do the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle occur?
The reactions that make up the process of photosynthesis can be divided into light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoids, and light-independent reactions (also known as dark reactions or the Calvin cycle), which take place in the stroma
Where does light-dependent photosynthesis occur?
Light-dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight The sunlight is converted to chemical energy during these reactions The chlorophyll in the plants absorb sunlight and transfers to the photosystem which are responsible for photosynthesis
What is the purpose of the light reactions where does it occur What are the main products?
Where does it occur? What are the main products? The purpose of the light reactions is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP & NADPH Take place on the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplastDuring these initial reactions, water is used and oxygen is released
What occurs in the first step of the Calvin cycle?
The first step in the Calvin cycle is the fixation of CO2 The CO2 molecule condenses with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to form an unstable six-carbon compound, which is rapidly hydrolyzed to two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate
Which main enzyme is involved in the Calvin cycle?
The Calvin cycle uses the energy from short-lived electronically excited carriers to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds that can be used by the organism (and by animals that feed on it) This set of reactions is also called carbon fixation The key enzyme of the cycle is called RuBisCO
What is the main product of carbon reactions?
The simplified version of this chemical reaction is to utilize carbon dioxide molecules from the air and water molecules and the energy from the sun to produce a simple sugar such as glucose and oxygen molecules as a by product