The Calvin cycle is a process that plants and algae use to turn carbon dioxide from the air into sugar, the food autotrophs need to grow Energy to fuel chemical reactions in this sugar-generating process is provided by ATP and NADPH, chemical compounds which contain the energy plants have captured from sunlight
What goes in and comes out of the Calvin cycle?
The reactions of the Calvin cycle add carbon (from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere) to a simple five-carbon molecule called RuBP These reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light reactions The final product of the Calvin cycle is glucose
What are the products of the Calvin cycle?
Products The immediate products of one turn of the Calvin cycle are 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) molecules, 3 ADP, and 2 NADP+ (ADP and NADP+ are not really “products” They are regenerated and later used again in the Light-dependent reactions)
What are the outputs of the Calvin cycle?
Outputs of the Calvin cycle are ADP, P, and NADP+, which go into the light reactions, and sugar, which is used by the plant 2
What does the Calvin cycle remove?
During the day, the Calvin cycle operates in the same chloroplasts Energy from ATP and from the reduced coenyzme NADPH is used to remove a phosphate group from 3PGA and reduce the resulting diphosphoglycerate (DPGA) to produce the 3-carbon sugar glyceraladehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
Is water produced in the Calvin cycle?
Further, since the Calvin cycle involves 3 reactions of CO2 with RuBP, you get a net production of 3 molecules of water
What is released during cellular respiration?
During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water Energy released during the reaction is captured by the energy-carrying molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What are the products of the Calvin cycle quizlet?
The product of the Calvin cycle is a triose-phosphate sugar that is either exported from the chloroplast or used to regenerate RUBP
What molecules are produced during the light reactions?
The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH
What are the reactants and products of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
In photosynthesis, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH are reactants GA3P and water are products In photosynthesis, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide are reactants
Where do Calvin cycle outputs go?
Outputs of the Calvin cycle are ADP, P, and NADP+, which go into the light reactions, and sugar, which is used by the plant 2
What are inputs and outputs of light reactions?
For each of the two main stages of photosynthesis, identify the inputs Inputs of the light reactions are light and water, and ADP, P, and NADP+ from the Calvin cycle Outputs of the light reactions are oxygen, which is released to the atmosphere, and ATP and NADPH, which go into the Calvin cycle
What is the outputs of photosynthesis?
In photosynthesis, water, carbon dioxide, and energy in the form of sunlight are inputs, and the outputs are glucose and oxygen
How are Calvin cycle enzymes activated?
The light reactions lead to changes in the stroma—namely, an increase in pH and in Mg2+, NADPH, and reduced ferredoxin concentration—all of which contribute to the activation of certain Calvin cycle enzymes (Figure 2014)
Where does sugar come from in the Calvin cycle?
Carbon enters the Calvin cycle as CO2 and leaves as sugar ATP is the energy source, while NADPH is the reducing agent that adds high-energy electrons to form sugar The Calvin cycle actually produces a three-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
What are the enzymes in the Calvin cycle?
11 Calvin cycle enzymes Calvin cycle is operated by 11 different enzymes that catalyze 13 reactions The “key” regulatory enzymes are RuBisCO, FBPase, SBPase, and PRK These enzymes play a major role as they control the rate of CO2 fixation
What are the inputs to the Calvin cycle where do they come from?
The inputs to the Calvin cycle are CO₂, ATP, and NADPH The CO₂ comes from the atmosphere around the plant, and the ATP and NADPH come from the light-dependent reaction
What is produced by the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis?
The Calvin cycle is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules
Which compound is produced during regeneration PGA?
Carbon dioxide enters the cycle and is fixed by Rubisco to a 5-carbon sugar called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP), which is immediately broken down to form two 3-carbon molecules of phosphoglycerate (PGA)
Where does the co2 come from in cellular respiration?
Since there are two pyruvic acid molecules entering the system, two ATP molecules are formed Also during the Krebs cycle, the two carbon atoms of acetyl-CoA are released and each forms a carbon dioxide molecule Thus, for each acetyl-CoA entering the cycle, two carbon dioxide molecules are formed
What are the 3 products of cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is this process in which oxygen and glucose are used to create ATP, carbon dioxide, and water ATP, carbon dioxide, and water are all products of this process because they are what is created Carbon dioxide is released as a gas when you exhale
What organelles are in cellular respiration?
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc The “powerhouses” of the cell, mitochondria are oval-shaped organelles found in most eukaryotic cells As the site of cellular respiration, mitochondria serve to transform molecules such as glucose into an energy molecule known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What goes into the Calvin cycle and what comes out quizlet?
each turn of the Calvin cycle, there are chemical inputs and outputs The inputs are carbon dioxide from the air and the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions cycle uses carbon from the carbon dioxide, energy from the ATP, and high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions from the NADPH
What are the end products of the Calvin cycle quizlet?
The end product of the Calvin Cycle is a 3-C GP3 molecule and two 3-C G3P molecules must combine to create one 6-C glucose which is two spins around the Calvin Cycle
What 2 molecules are produced during the light reactions and used during the Calvin cycle?
The Calvin cycle reactions use chemical energy from NADPH and ATP that were produced in the light reactions
What two molecules are produced by the light reactions and used to power the Calvin cycle quizlet?
What two molecules are produced by the light reactions and used to power the Calvin cycle? ATP and NADPH are both products of the light reactions and are used to power the Calvin cycle
What two products of the light reactions are used up in the Calvin cycle?
What two products of the light reactions are used up in the calvin cycle? NADPH, which is an electron carrier and can be reused, and ATP, or ADP, which is an energy molecule that can be rebuilt in another light reaction