Terms in this set (6) Pyruvate Is broken down Co-enzyme A bonds to the two-three carbon molecule This intermediate molecule enters the Krebs cycle citric acid is formed citric acid is broken down an NADH is made the five-carbon molecule is broken down NADH and ATP are made The four-carbon molecule is rearranged
What are the 6 steps in the Krebs cycle?
Krebs cycle Steps Oxidative Decarboxylation of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA Step 1: Condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate Step 2: Isomerization of citrate into isocitrate Step 3: Oxidative decarboxylations of isocitrate Step 4: Oxidative decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate
What are the steps in the Krebs cycle?
Step 1: Acetyl CoA (two carbon molecule) joins with oxaloacetate (4 carbon molecule) to form citrate (6 carbon molecule) Step 2: Citrate is converted to isocitrate (an isomer of citrate) Step 3: Isocitrate is oxidised to alpha-ketoglutarate (a five carbon molecule) which results in the release of carbon dioxide
What happens in step 6 of citric acid cycle?
Step six is a dehydration process that converts succinate into fumarate Two hydrogen atoms are transferred to FAD, producing FADH2 Water is added to fumarate during step seven, and malate is produced The last step in the citric acid cycle regenerates oxaloacetate by oxidizing malate
What are the steps of the Krebs cycle quizlet?
Terms in this set (9) step1 – Condensation Acetyl-CoA→citrate step 2a – Dehydration Citrate→cisAconitate (H2O released) step 2b – Hydration step 3 – Oxidative decarboxylation step 4 – Oxidative decarboxylation step 5 – Substrate level phosphorylation step 6 – Dehydrogenation step 7 – Hydration
What are the steps of the citric acid cycle quizlet?
Terms in this set (8) Acetyl-CoA is turned into Citric Acid Citric Acid is turned into Isocitrate Isocitrate is turned into a-Ketoglutarate a-Ketoglutarate is turned into Succinyl-CoA Succinyl-CoA is turned into Succinate Succinate is turned into Fumarate Fumarate is turned into Malate
Which steps of the citric acid cycle generate CO2 quizlet?
Stage 2 – the citric acid cycle oxidizes acetyl-CoA to produce CO2, reduced electron carriers, and a small amount of ATP
What drives the citric acid cycle?
The citric acid cycle: In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group from acetyl CoA is attached to a four-carbon oxaloacetate molecule to form a six-carbon citrate molecule Through a series of steps, citrate is oxidized, releasing two carbon dioxide molecules for each acetyl group fed into the cycle
What goes into mitochondrial electron transport?
The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water
What is formed during the citric acid cycle when the acetyl group is oxidized quizlet?
For each turn of the citric acid cycle two carbons enter in the relatively reduced form of an acetyl group (step 1), and two different carbons leave in the completely oxidized form of CO2 molecules (step 3 & 4)
How many FAD are reduced per on turn of the citric acid cycle?
Each turn of the cycle forms three high-energy NADH molecules and one high-energy FADH2 molecule These high-energy carriers will connect with the last portion of aerobic respiration to produce ATP molecules One ATP (or an equivalent) is also made in each cycle
Which of the following compounds is the energy rich molecule produced in the citric acid cycle?
The NADH and FADH2 generated by the citric acid cycle are, in turn, used by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate energy-rich ATP The product of this reaction, acetyl-CoA, is the starting point for the citric acid cycle Acetyl-CoA may also be obtained from the oxidation of fatty acids
What are the 3 main steps in the electron transport chain?
Step 1: Generating a Proton Motive Force Step Two: ATP Synthesis via Chemiosmosis Step Three: Reduction of Oxygen Summary: Oxidative Phosphorylation
How many sites of phosphorylation are there in the mitochondrial electron transport?
Two sites of O2•− generation have been identified at Complex I – 1) the FMN cofactor which accepts electrons from NADH and 2) the Q binding site at which two electrons are transferred the terminal Fe–S to Q
What are the steps of oxidative phosphorylation?
The three major steps in oxidative phosphorylation are (a) oxidation-reduction reactions involving electron transfers between specialized proteins embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane; (b) the generation of a proton (H+) gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (which occurs simultaneously with step (a
What happens in the citric acid cycle quizlet?
Citric Acid is broken down into a 4 carbon molecule, more carbon dioxide is released, and electrons are transferred to energy carriers So 1 carbon atom is removed from the 6 carbon atoms in Citric Acid, and then another is released, releasing 2 molecules of carbon dioxide and leaving a 4 carbon molecule
When six carbon citrate releases two of its carbons what happens to them quizlet?
The two carbon atoms are released as two CO2 molecules In the remaining steps of the citric acid cycle, the six-carbon citrate is converted back to the four-carbon oxaloacetate
Which of the following carriers are produced during the citric acid cycle?
Cards Term the last stage of cellular respiration, in which the most ATP is produced, is: Definition ETC Term cellular respiration is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis Definition True Term What carriers are produced during the citric acid cycle? Definition NADH and FADH2
Where did the 6 carbons from glucose end up after cellular respiration is complete?
Glycolysis In glycolysis, glucose—a six-carbon sugar—undergoes a series of chemical transformations In the end, it gets converted into two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon organic molecule
What is the oxidative phosphorylation cycle?
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH 2 to O 2 by a series of electron carriers This process, which takes place in mitochondria, is the major source of ATP in aerobic organisms (Figure 181)
What is the third step in cellular respiration ?( 1 point?
The third and final stage of cellular respiration is called electron transport Remember the other energy-storing molecules from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? Their energy is used in this stage to make many more molecules of ATP In fact, during this stage, as many as 34 molecules of ATP are produced
What is mitochondrial proton leak?
Proton leak can also be defined as the dissipation of ΔP in the presence of ATP synthase inhibitor Oligomycin in both isolated mitochondria and intact cells [5] Proton leak is the principal, but not the only, mechanism that incompletely couples substrate oxygen to ATP generation (Fig 201)
Which of the four complexes pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix?
The ATP synthase complex, ADP and phosphate translocases Protons are pumped out of the matrix at complexes I, III and IV (2 per complex) The resulting proton gradient is used to drive ATP synthesis: 2 H+ per ATP produced The proton gradient also creates a charge difference across the inner mitochon
In what order do electrons move through the electron transport chain?
The electrons must travel through special proteins stuck in the thylakoid membrane They go through the first special protein (the photosystem II protein) and down the electron transport chain Then they pass through a second special protein (photosystem I protein)