What is the easiest way to remember the Krebs cycle?
The mnemonic for memorizing the names of the Krebs cycle intermediates is: citrate is krebs special substrate for making oxaloacetate We have citrate for citrate Is for iscitrate Krebs for α-ketoglutarate
What is the fastest way to memorize glycolysis?
How do mnemonics remember glycolysis?
Ken Tao is the MedSchoolCoach expert on MCAT, and will help you remember glycolysis intermediates with the word trick: Girls get fine food; Gentlemen dine girls; Boys prefer to pick up pepperoni pizza
How do you memorize the citric acid cycle?
Kreb’s cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) : Mnemonic Mnemonic: Our City Is Kept Safe And Sound From Malice Remember the enzymes of the cycle: Another Mnemonic: Citrate Is Kreb’s Starting Substrate For Making Oxaloacetate Alcoholism and Hypoglycemia:
Do I need to memorize glycolysis for MCAT?
While you won’t need to memorize each step of glycolysis and its related enzymes, it may be useful to be familiar with the function of each enzyme Figure: An overview of glycolysis Note that one molecule of glucose (a 6-carbon molecule) yields two molecules of pyruvate (a 3-carbon molecule)
How do you memorize ATP?
ATP is “A TeePee”, but it also stands for Adenosine TriPhosphate, which is the life-giving energy in cells To remember the name, imagine a den of sin (adenosine) in a teepee being raided by the police The police can’t get through the flap, so the leader of the operation says: “Try force mate!” (triphosphate)
How do you remember biochemistry pathways?
Specifically, for each major pathway, memorize the following: Structures and names of all metabolic intermediates (metabolites), including their stereochemistry if they are chiral Names of all enzymes Points of use or production of ATP, ADP, Pi, and all cofactors (NAD, FAD, TPP, and so forth)
What are the 10 steps of glycolysis?
Glycolysis Explained in 10 Easy Steps Step 1: Hexokinase Step 2: Phosphoglucose Isomerase Step 3: Phosphofructokinase Step 4: Aldolase Step 5: Triosephosphate isomerase Step 6: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Step 7: Phosphoglycerate Kinase Step 8: Phosphoglycerate Mutase
How does liver remove ammonia?
Your body treats ammonia as a waste product, and gets rid of it through the liver It can be added to other chemicals to form an amino acid called glutamine It can also be used to form a chemical compound called urea Your bloodstream moves the urea to your kidneys, where it is eliminated in your urine
What are the 5 steps of urea cycle?
A Steps of Urea Cycle: Formation of Carbamoyl Phosphate: Synthesis of Citrulline: Synthesis of Argininosuccinate: Cleavage of Argininosuccinate: Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acids: Oxidation of Carbon Skeleton of Amino Acids:
Does liver synthesis urea?
The liver is the only site where urea is synthesized and ultimately excreted by the kidneys
What are the intermediates in glycolysis?
Intermediates of glycolysis that are common to other pathways include glucose-6-phosphate (PPP, glycogen metabolism), F6P (PPP), G3P (Calvin, PPP), DHAP (PPP, glycerol metabolism, Calvin), 3PG (Calvin, PPP), PEP (C4 plant metabolism, Calvin), and pyruvate (fermentation, acetyl-CoA genesis, amino acid metabolism)
What are the irreversible steps of glycolysis?
3 irreversible steps in glycolysis: hexokinase; phosphofructokinase; pyruvate kinase New enzymes are needed to catalyze new reactions in the opposite direction for gluconeogenesis
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
Glycolysis, as we have just described it, is an anaerobic process None of its nine steps involve the use of oxygen However, immediately upon finishing glycolysis, the cell must continue respiration in either an aerobic or anaerobic direction; this choice is made based on the circumstances of the particular cell
How can I learn Usmle biochemistry?
5 Tips to Master USMLE Step 1 Biochemistry Unify and Connect Concepts Connecting concepts helps contextualize biochemistry for the USMLE Step 1 Exam Use Images to Boost Retention Concentrate early, then review Reinforce Understanding with Questions Draw the Pathways 3 comments
What is TCA cycle in biochemistry?
tricarboxylic acid cycle, (TCA cycle), also called Krebs cycle and citric acid cycle, the second stage of cellular respiration, the three-stage process by which living cells break down organic fuel molecules in the presence of oxygen to harvest the energy they need to grow and divide
Is Pixorize good for Step 1?
What is Pixorize? Pixorize is a visual medical school student resource Pixorize med school resources are good for STEP 1 studying, but only covers 600+ topics
What is Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis?
Glycogenesis is the process of storing excess glucose for use by the body at a later time Glycogenolysis occurs when the body, which prefers glucose as an energy source, needs energy The glycogen previously stored by the liver is broken down to glucose and dispersed throughout the body
Where does glycolysis cycle take place?
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm Within the mitochondrion, the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative metabolism occurs at the internal folded mitochondrial membranes (cristae)
How is urea formed?
Urea is produced in the liver and is a metabolite (breakdown product) of amino acids Ammonium ions are formed in the breakdown of amino acids Some are used in the biosynthesis of nitrogen compounds Excess ammonium ions are converted to urea
How is urea produced?
Urea is naturally produced when the liver breaks down protein or amino acids, and ammonia The kidneys then transfer the urea from the blood to the urine Extra nitrogen is expelled from the body through urea, and because it is extremely soluble, it is a very efficient process
Is urea a urine?
Urea (also known as carbamide) is a waste product of many living organisms, and is the major organic component of human urine This is because it is at the end of chain of reactions which break down the amino acids that make up proteins
Why is urea cycle called ornithine?
The urea cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2)2CO from ammonia (NH3) This cycle occurs in ureotelic organisms The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia to urea for excretion
What is ornithine used for?
Ornithine is commonly used by mouth for improving athletic performance It is also used for weight loss, wound healing, and to increase sleep quality But there is limited scientific research to support these other uses Don’t confuse ornithine with ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) or L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate
How does the liver convert ammonia to urea?
Ammonia is a toxic product of nitrogen metabolism which should be removed from our body The urea cycle or ornithine cycle converts excess ammonia into urea in the mitochondria of liver cells The urea forms, then enters the blood stream, is filtered by the kidneys and is ultimately excreted in the urine