What phrase best describes free riding? Refusing to be bound by the collective arrangements while sharing the benefits
Under which mechanism can a developed country receive credits against its own emissions reduction target by financing projects in another developed country?
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a United Nations-run carbon offset scheme allowing countries to fund greenhouse gas emissions-reducing projects in other countries and claim the saved emissions as part of their own efforts to meet international emissions targets
What were some of the first global commons covered by an international environmental regime?
What were some of the first global commons covered by an international environmental regime? the right to pollute energy, transport, and agriculture
Why has the Antarctica treaty been successful but it has been difficult to manage global Co 2 emissions?
Why has the Antarctica Treaty been successful but it has been difficult to manage global Co2 emissions? – CO2 emissions do not pose a problem – There was a grave threat to Antarctica, while CO2 emissions do not pose such a high-level threat The Rio Earth Summit (1992) led to the establishment of which convention?
Which international agreement includes Clean Development Mechanism?
Currently, the Kyoto agreement includes the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which allows polluters in industrialized countries with emission constraints to receive credit for financing projects that reduce emissions in developing countries, which do not face emission constraints under the Kyoto Protocol
What is the main motto of Clean Development Mechanism?
The CDM’s declared aims are: to accomplish the overarching goals of the UNFCCC – namely to prevent dangerous interference with the climate system to encourage sustainable development in developing nations, and to reduce the cost of complying with the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol for developed nations
What are the 3 mechanisms a country can use to meet their target emissions?
To help countries meet their emission targets, and to encourage the private sector and developing countries to contribute to emission reduction efforts, negotiators of the Protocol included three market-based mechanisms – emissions trading, the clean development mechanism and joint implementation
What is the concept of the global commons?
Global commons have been traditionally defined as those parts of the planet that fall outside national jurisdictions and to which all nations have access International law identifies four global commons, namely the High Seas, the Atmosphere, the Antarctica and the Outer Space
What are the global commons are these being used wisely?
Global commons are resources that are used by people all around the world, but they are not being used wisely because we are using the resources faster than they can be replenished 9 What can people do to use these resources most wisely? People can use just the bare minimum amount of resources they need
What is meant by global commons suggest three steps for protection of global commons?
They include earth’s atmosphere Antarctica, the Ocean floor and outer space Two steps for the protections of ‘Global commons’ are- (i) By achieving consensus on common environmental agendas on the basis of vague scientific evidence and time frames (ii) By preventing exploitative activities in outer space 1333 Views
What does the Antarctic Treaty protect Antarctica from?
The primary purpose of the Antarctic Treaty is to ensure “in the interests of all mankind that Antarctica shall continue forever to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes and shall not become the scene or object of international discord” To this end it prohibits military activity, except in support of science;
What is the biggest issue with the Antarctic Treaty?
This article, however, will only focus on three challenges the Antarctic Treaty is faced with: the protection of the Antarctic environment, the regulation of tourism in Antarctica, and the question of jurisdiction in the Antarctic region
Is the Antarctic Treaty still in place?
It entered into force in 1961 and has since been acceded to by many other nations The total number of Parties to the Treaty is now 54
What happened to CDM?
While the CDM has no expiration date and could, in theory, remain operational indefinitely, a number of developments may impact on its operational status after 2020 For instance, Parties to the Kyoto Protocol may decide to formally discontinue the CDM after 2020
What do you mean by clean development mechanism explain its procedure?
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), defined in Article 12 of the Protocol, allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol (Annex B Party) to implement an emission-reduction project in developing countries
What makes the project eligible for CDM benefit?
Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol stipulates three principal eligibility criteria for CDM projects: Projects must result in “real, measurable and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change”
What is the main motto of CDM?
It has two main goals: one, to assist countries without emissions targets (ie developing countries) in achieving sustainable development Two, help those countries with emission reduction targets under Kyoto (ie developed countries) in achieving compliance by allowing them to purchase offsets created by CDM projects
What is CDM EB?
The CDM Executive Board ( CDM EB) supervises the Kyoto Protocol’s clean development mechanism under the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol ( CMP ) The CDM EB is fully accountable to the CMP
What do the terms CDM & CER refer to?
The CDM allows emission-reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction ( CER ) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of CO2 These CER s can be traded and sold, and used by industrialized countries to a meet a part of their emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol
What is Kyoto Protocol mechanism?
Flexible mechanisms, also sometimes known as Flexibility Mechanisms or Kyoto Mechanisms, refers to emissions trading, the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation These are mechanisms defined under the Kyoto Protocol intended to lower the overall costs of achieving its emissions targets
What is meant by Kyoto Protocol?
The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, an international environmental treaty with the goal of “stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system
What were the main targets of the Kyoto Protocol?
The main goal of the Kyoto Protocol was to control emissions of the main anthropogenic (human-emitted) greenhouse gases (GHGs) in ways that reflect underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make the reductions
What are the main characteristics of Commons?
The main variables of a commons a resource (replenishable or depletable) the people who share this commons (users, managers, producers and providers) the rules governing people’s access to — and benefit from — these common resources the value created through the preservation or production of these common goods
What are global commons examples?
International law defines traditionally five global commons: high seas, the deep-sea bed, the atmosphere, Antarctica and Outer Space Recently, this list has been extended and also includes new resources such as the subsurface, which is increasingly being used as an energy resource and storage space
What are five global commons?
They include the atmosphere and land, the ocean and ice sheets, a stable climate and abundant biodiversity, the forests, the gigantic flows of carbon, nitrogen, water and phosphorus and more While we all need and share these global commons, they are being overused by some at the expense of others